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一，什么是DNS

DNS 是计算机域名 (Domain Name System) 的缩写，它是由解析器和域名服务器组成的。域名服务器是指保存有该网络中所有主机的域名和对应IP地址，并具有将域名转换为IP地址功能的服务器。其中域名必须对应一个IP地址，而IP地址不一定有域名。

二，DNS安装

[root@linux ~]# yum -y install bind* caching-nameserver

三，DNS配置

[root@linux ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/
[root@linux etc]# cp -p named.caching-nameserver.conf named.conf
[root@linux etc]# cp -p named.rfc1912.zones named.rfc1912.zones.bak //做好备份

注意：这里别忘了加上-p,不然文件的所属用户组属性就会改变，启动named的时候会报错。看下面

[root@Linux etc]# ll |grep named.conf
-rw-r----- 1 root named 1206 11-03 17:58 named.conf        //加上-p
-rw-r----- 1 root root  1206 11-03 19:35 named.conf_bak    //不加-p

1,配置named.conf

[root@Linux etc]# cat named.conf      //这个是我改过的文件
//
// named.caching-nameserver.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package to configure the
// ISC BIND named(8) DNS server as a caching only nameserver
// (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
// DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - use system-config-bind or an editor
// to create named.conf - edits to this file will be lost on
// caching-nameserver package upgrade.
//
options {
    listen-on port 53 { any; };       //把localhost改成any
    listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
    directory     "/var/named";
    dump-file     "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";

    // Those options should be used carefully because they disable port
    // randomization
    // query-source    port 53;
    // query-source-v6 port 53;

    allow-query     { any; };
    allow-query-cache { any; };
};
logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};
view localhost_resolver {
    match-clients        { any; };
    match-destinations { any; };
    recursion yes;
    include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
};

把文件中的localhost改成any。

三，配置named.rfc1912.zones

[root@Linux etc]# cat named.rfc1912.zones
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
zone "." IN {
    type hint;
    file "named.ca";
};

zone "localdomain" IN {
    type master;
    file "localdomain.zone";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone "localhost" IN {
    type master;
    file "localhost.zone";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file "named.local";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
        type master;
    file "named.ip6.local";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file "named.broadcast";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file "named.zero";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone "51yip.com" IN {          //从这儿开始到下面是我加的，根上面的内容copy后改的
    type master;
    file "51yip.com.zone";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file "1.168.192.in-addr.local";
    allow-update { none; };
};

如果是多个域名的话，在加一个

zone "51yip.net" IN {
    type master;
    file "51yip.net.zone";
    allow-update { none; };
};

三，修改Zone的配置文件

[root@Linux etc]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
[root@linux named]# cp -p localdomain.zone 51yip.com.zone
//[root@linux named]# cp -p localdomain.zone 51yip.net.zone     //如果是多个域名就在copy一份
[root@linux named]# cp -p named.local 1.168.192.in-addr.local

1,修改51yip.com.zone

[root@linux named]# cat 51yip.com.zone
$TTL    86400
@               IN SOA  localhost root (
                                        42              ; serial (d. adams)
                                        3H              ; refresh
                                        15M             ; retry
                                        1W              ; expiry
                                        1D )            ; minimum
                IN NS           51yip.com
                IN MX 10        mail.51yip.com
www     IN A            192.168.1.132
mail    IN A            192.168.1.131
dns     IN A            192.168.1.130

添加的内容，修改的内容，对比一下localhost.zone文件

2,修改1.168.192.in-addr.local

[root@linux named]# cat 1.168.192.in-addr.local
$TTL    86400
@       IN      SOA     localhost. root.localhost.  (
                                      1997022700 ; Serial
                                      28800      ; Refresh
                                      14400      ; Retry
                                      3600000    ; Expire
                                      86400 )    ; Minimum
        IN      NS      51yip.com.
132     IN      PTR     www.51yip.com.
131    IN    PTR     mail.51yip.com.
130    IN    PTR    dns.51yip.com.

到这儿dns的简单配置就好了。

四，启动DNS

[root@linux named]# /etc/init.d/named start
启动 named：                                               [确定]

五，测试DNS

1,正向解释

[root@linux named]# nslookup www.51yip.com
Server:        192.168.1.130
Address:    192.168.1.130#53

Name:    www.51yip.com
Address: 192.168.1.132

2,反向解释

[root@linux named]# nslookup 192.168.1.131
Server:        192.168.1.130
Address:    192.168.1.130#53

131.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa    name = mail.51yip.com.