mysql 整型字段设计
只要做开发的,肯定创建过表,表字段用什么类型,长度是多少等。感觉没什么要说的,可是归纳总结一下,还有东西可说的。
1,整型类型
数据类型 | 有符号 | 无符号 | 存储 |
---|---|---|---|
bigint | -2^63 (-9223372036854775808) 到 2^63-1 (9223372036854775807) | 0 到 2^64-1 (18446744073709551615) | 8 字节 |
int | -2^31 (-2147483648) 到 2^31-1 (2147483647) | 0 到 2^32-1 (4294967295) | 4 字节 |
mediumint | -2^31 (-8388608) 到 2^23-1 (8388607) | 0 到 2^24-1 (16777215) | 3 字节 |
smallint | -2^15 (-32768) 到 2^15-1 (32767) | 0 到 2^16-1 (65535) | 2 字节 |
tinyint | -2^7 (-127) 到 2^7-1 (127) | 0 到 2^8-1 (255) | 1 字节 |
知道类型的范围值对我们有帮助的,例如,如果用tinyint,该字段的最大值不会超过255,把字段设置成tinyint(10),有符号的情况下,最大只能是127,表面上看好像是可以存入10位,而实际只能存入3位数。
根据要存数字大小,来选择不同的数据类型,例如,如果是标识位,一般情况设置为tinyint(1),最合适,存储小,又不会存不进去。
2,实例说明
mariadb [test]> CREATE TABLE `test` ( -> `big_test` bigint(20) DEFAULT 0, -> `int_test` int(11) DEFAULT 0, -> `medium_test` mediumint(8) DEFAULT 0, -> `small_test` smallint(6) DEFAULT 0, -> `tiny_test` tinyint(4) DEFAULT 0 -> ) ENGINE=myisam DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) mariadb [test]> INSERT INTO test (big_test, int_test, medium_test, small_test, tiny_test) VALUES (9223372036854775807, 2147483647, 8388607, 32767, 127); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mariadb [test]> select * from test; +---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ | big_test | int_test | medium_test | small_test | tiny_test | +---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ | 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 | +---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mariadb [test]> INSERT INTO test (big_test, int_test, medium_test, small_test, tiny_test) VALUES (9223372036854775807, 2147483647, 8388607, 32767, 128); Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) //128超过了,有符号tinyint的最大值,报了warning出来,但是还是入库了。 MariaDB [test]> select * from test; +---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ | big_test | int_test | medium_test | small_test | tiny_test | +---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ | 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 | | 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 | +---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [test]> ALTER TABLE `test` CHANGE `tiny_test` `tiny_test` TINYINT( 10 ) NULL DEFAULT '0'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 //将长度改为10,没报错 MariaDB [test]> INSERT INTO test (big_test, int_test, medium_test, small_test, tiny_test) VALUES (9223372036854775807, 2147483647, 8388607, 32767, 128); Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) //在插入数据,一样报warning,但还是入库 MariaDB [test]> select * from test; +---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ | big_test | int_test | medium_test | small_test | tiny_test | +---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ | 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 | | 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 | | 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 | +---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)